In a bid to responsibly guide the development of quantum technologies, researchers are advocating for a “standards-first” approach to global governance, arguing that it offers a more flexible and effective path than traditional regulation. This new model emphasizes the development of international, consensus-based technical and quality benchmarks over rigid legal mandates, particularly in the current, early stage of the technology’s evolution.
Traditional regulatory frameworks, often slow to develop and rigid once implemented, have struggled to keep pace with the rapid innovation seen in fields like artificial intelligence. Researchers fear a similar outcome for quantum, where premature, legally binding rules could stifle the very breakthroughs they aim to govern. Instead, they propose a system built on global standards. These standards, developed by bodies like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), can adapt quickly, are widely accepted across borders, and provide a common language for a global industry. The approach is reminiscent of how standards for Wi-Fi or information security enabled widespread, interoperable technologies.
The new model distinguishes between two types of standards: technical standards that define things like terminology and encryption protocols, and quality management systems (QMS). The latter, which includes frameworks like the proposed Quantum Technology Quality Management System (QT-QMS), would guide how quantum technologies are developed, maintained, and audited. This voluntary framework would act as a bridge to future regulatory compliance, providing a scaffold of responsible innovation. The framework would also allow for geopolitical collaboration on shared technical protocols, bypassing the friction that often complicates attempts at unified, legally binding treaties.
While the standards-first model is praised for its adaptability, it’s not without challenges. Some experts worry that without the force of law, standards might be insufficient to address the most significant risks posed by quantum technology, such as its dual-use applications in both civilian and military sectors. Additionally, the process of creating international standards must be inclusive to avoid a “quantum divide,” where a few dominant nations or corporations set the rules for the rest of the world. By promoting a balanced, collaborative approach, proponents believe a standards-based model can both foster innovation and ensure that the benefits of the quantum revolution are shared responsibly and securely.
