China sets 10-year targets for mass AI adoption

In a bold move signaling its intent to dominate the global artificial intelligence (AI) landscape, China has unveiled its most ambitious AI adoption strategy to date. The plan, set forth in a State Council directive, lays out a decade-long roadmap to integrate AI into nearly every facet of the country’s economy, society, and governance. It establishes clear and aggressive targets, aiming for a 70% AI penetration rate by 2027 and a staggering 90% by 2030. This initiative underscores Beijing’s determination to lead the next technological revolution and create a new, “intelligent economy.”

The new policy, dubbed the “AI+ Initiative,” goes beyond simple technological advancement, seeking to “reshape modes of production and everyday life.” The strategy focuses on applying AI to the “real economy,” prioritizing its adoption in key sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and transportation. By mandating the use of AI-powered systems in factories, smart farming machinery, and autonomous vehicles, China aims to boost productivity, enhance efficiency, and transition its industrial base up the global value chain. This is a clear effort to move away from being the “world’s factory” and become the “world’s intelligent factory.”

While the plan is a clear statement of intent, it also acknowledges the significant challenges ahead. The directive addresses risks like “model opacity (black-box),” “hallucinations,” and “algorithmic discrimination.” To manage these issues, the government is establishing complete governance frameworks for what it calls “natural persons, digital persons, and intelligent robots,” suggesting a future where AI agents may require legal status. This approach reflects a balancing act: pushing for rapid growth while attempting to maintain control and stability in a rapidly evolving technological environment. The push for widespread AI adoption is a high-stakes bet, with success hinging on China’s ability to overcome both technical hurdles and geopolitical pressures, particularly from the U.S., which has imposed export restrictions on critical AI hardware.

By setting these concrete, time-bound targets, China is creating a stark contrast with Western nations like the United States, whose national AI initiatives contain no such mandates. The policy also includes a clause to “help Global South countries build AI capabilities” through open-source technology and computing resources, positioning Beijing as an alternative model for AI development and governance. With its vast consumer market, immense data pools, and a centrally planned approach, China is leveraging its unique advantages to cement its position as a global leader in AI innovation. The coming decade will be a critical test of whether this ambitious top-down strategy can successfully outpace the more decentralized, market-driven approaches of its rivals.